Spring liner



June 15, 1954 G. wALTERs ETAL SPRING LINER 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Oct. 5, 1949 June 15, 1954 G. WAL-reas ET AL SPRING LINER 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 3, 1949 June 15, 1954 G. WALTERS ETAL SPRING LINER Filed Oct. 3, 1949 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Boa /m/ewo/'s yad/la- Wam @meat I I s' I-l ZOa A mwmlrf/.

Patented June 15, 1954 UNITED STATES Claims. l

vThe present invention relates in vgeneral :to 'fabrics and 'more 'especially to an improved method and means .for manufacturingan 'embossed' fabric for use as a. spring-liner.

VAn object of the invention is toprovidea'woven fabric with an integral woven.v boss.

A further object of the invention is' to provide a Yfabric spring-liner having a vvsuperiorl boss formed thereon.

A still further object of the 'invention is .tov

provide .a Woven multi-ply hvfabric having integrally-woven bosses von vone face of the 'fabric arranged in spaced relationship longitudinally thereof.

A still further ,object of .the invention'is toprovide a superior woven spring-liner'fabric having bosses. formed integral therewith of a plurality of closely-arranged upstanding loops of the woven'. fabric.

A still furthenobject oftheinvention vis tov pro- Vide a substantially.-incompressible woven-fabric spring-liner having an lintegrally-woven boss projecting upwardly from one 'facethereof With the above-and other .objects in view, as will appear yto those .skilled inthe art`from the present disclosure, this invention includes all features in the. said-lv disclosure which are novel over the prior art.

In the accompanying drawings, in Whichcertain modes of carrying out v.the present linvention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. .1 isaplan viewff a fragment of the embossed woven spring-linerlfabric ,f this'invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation .of v.the fabric .f Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an. end vlelevation in .section onfline -3--3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an end elevation on section-linell-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged broken longitudinal section on line 5-45 of`Fig.1 illustrating the 'arrangement of the warps and Wefts of' the twoply fabric andA in particular the formation of the woven. fabric. bosses;

Fig. v6 isa-broken transverse sectionof the `fabric on line 5-6 of Fig. .-showingdetails-.of .the arrangementof Vthe Warp.- andweftzstrands of the upper and lower plies andthe formation Aof -a boss on .the .upper ply;

Fig. 7 .is a schematicshowing of a pickschedule -illustrating thesequence of shedding operations mand.v picks 'of' the weft` for formingthe .embossed fabric-.but with ytha-lower ply warpsfomitted f Fig. 8 .iseaplan l.view of .a spring-liner member Z formed Vfrom fabric cut from* a length of -embossedy fabric such as shown inFig.` 1;

VFig. 9 is an 'edge'elevation of the spring-liner 4member of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a schematic elevation of anA automobile spring showing spring-liners mountdf'bektweenthe super-posed leaves `of `the'-'spring,"ad

jacent the outer ends thereof;

Fig. 11 is a plan View of a modication'of the embossed spring-liner fabric of Fig. `1;

Fig. 12 is `a schematic plan `vie'wofla short length of a further Ainodiiicationfof vthe -erbossed Vspring-liner fabric of Fig. 1 yshowing `theuse of double-stranded wireends" in the'fabric;

Fig. 13 is a schematic* plan' View` ofthe" bottom "of the fabric of'Fig. 12; and

Fig. 14 is an enlarged "fragmentary sectional viewof the fabric on line lilhl ofFig. 12` showing the wire endsinl both the upper and lower plies ofthe fabric.

"lhe embossed'fabric of `this`invention is particularly suitable as a lining material to' be,I used between the leaves ofautomobile springs toprevent squeaking, .and to this "end: is "preferably a two-ply fabricwoven of relatively rheavy cotton strands. 'Moreover, asan `alternate `construction, it is proposedito Weave y'wire intoftherembossed fabric, as hereinafter described, t'o form a' fabric of low compressibility and greatdurability. It' will "be understood, lhowever,"'thattit''is Within the purview of the invention-to form' the embossed fabric of 'other materials andas'wsingleor double-ply fabric.

tape, the widthof which corresponds substantially to the width of a'leaf spring Af 'an auto; .and Woven. integrally withthe upper surface vof the web larea plurality of bosses .indicatedgenerally .at It, arranged in substantially .equallyspaced. relationship longitudinally oflthe .web and ina substantially-straight'linecoinciding with .the longitudinal .axis thereo'f, veach bosslbeing substantially-rectangular Aandpreferably .square in .outlinef as shown especially well inY Fig. 1.

The webVA I5 comprises. preferably. .an uppenply l'tand alower ply I8. held together .by-.asingle set of binder warpstrands, -as .indicate'dat 9. Although asingle set of binder, warp. strands .has

Vbeen found satisfactory, it Vwillbe understood that. two .or more sets. ofbinders .may `be..use.d. ReferringtoFig. 5,..the..lo.wer ply llcomprises warps or ends interwoven with picks of weft strands 2|, the particular form of weave employed in the ply illustrated being what is commonly referred to as a plain or basket weave, each warp or end 20 comprising preferably a double strand or thread, as shown especially well in Fig. 6, Woven with its warp floats extending alternately over and under the single weft strands 2 I.

The upper ply I7 comprises essentially a plain weave consisting of double stranded warps 22 (see Fig. 6) interwoven with picks of weft strands 23. More particularly, however, the continuity of the weaving of the upper ply is interrupted both in a direction transverse to the length of the web and in the direction of its longitudinal axis, as illustrated by the pick schedule of Fig. 7, for forming the segregated integrally-woven bosses It of the upper ply in accordance with the improved method of this invention. For the purpose of clarity, the warps of the lower ply have been omitted from Fig. 7, and the upper ply of the woven web, as represented by the pick schedule of Fig. 7, may be considered as constituting a center section A in which the weaving of the fabric is continuous; and outer sections B-B on opposite sides respectively of the center section A, in each of which outer sections the weaving is interrupted, the woven areas C-C of the respective outer sections B-B of the upper ply being substantially opposite each other and on opposite sides respectively of those areas D of the center section A which form the bosses i6 of the fabric, in the manner described below.

Each boss IB of the upper ply constitutes an integral woven part thereof of a predetermined height which, in the present embodiment, corresponds substantially to the thickness of the twoply web as illustrated especially well in Figs. 3 and 4. More particularly, each boss it constitutes a plurality of upstanding loops 2li of a woven single-ply fabric formed from the section D of the upper ply l1, the preferred number of loops Zi for forming a single boss I6 being four. Each loop 2i comprises a short length of woven fabric consisting of ve picks of weft strands 23 identifled by the picks e, f, g, h, and a' in the upper ply of the web, as indicated in Fig. 7, interwoven with double-stranded warps 22 and corresponding in width to the width of the section A of the fabric.

As deduced from the pick schedule of Fig. 7, each fabric loop is tied at its opposite base termini respectively into the upper ply of the web by means of terminal strands ec and y'y' respectively which are continuous with the first and last picks e and :i respectively of a loop, each terminal strand ee and y'g extending across the fabric from one edge of the section A of the upper ply, to the corresponding outer edge of the web. The terminal strand jy' of each loop is continuous with the weft 1c of the subsequent pick which is woven into the lower ply of the fabric across the full width thereof and which reappears in the upper ply of the two-ply fabric on the next pick as indicated at m.

The weft m crosses the full width of the upper ply and on the next-succeeding pick is woven into the lower ply of the fabric the full width thereof as indicated at n and reappears on the top ply of the fabric on the next-succeeding pick as the terminal strand ee of the next-succeeding loop.

In accordance with the method of this invention, each woven boss i6 is formed during the continuous weaving of the two-ply web by the pick schedule of Fig. 7, from which it will be clear that by shedding the sets of warp threads 22 of the spring-liner members or center section A of the upper ply, for five successive picks of the weft, including the warps in sections B-B for only the first and last picks, and then shedding the warp threads of the twoply fabric in sequence for the following three picks, a short length of single-ply fabric hereinafter referred to as a loop fabric is formed, the terminal strands of which are fastened into the lower ply of the fabric by the two wefts 7c and n respectively and into the upper ply by the single weft m and the terminal strands ee and jj. Consequently, the packing of these three consecutive wefts of the two-ply fabric by the loombatten causes the single-ply woven loop fabric to arch or form a loop 2li upstanding from the upper ply of the web. By repeating this pick schedule for four successive times, four loops 2t will be formed to complete the construction of one integrally-woven boss i6 of the upper ply, the width of the boss corresponding substantially to the width of the section A of the fabric. The length of the boss is determined primarily by the compactness of the juxtaposed loops and the number of loops and, in this instance, corresponds substantially to the width of the boss.

Although four loops have been found adequate to form a single boss, it will be appreciated that the number of loops used may be more or less than four, depending upon such factors as the required size of the boss, the kind of materials, the purpose for which the boss is to be used, and similar considerations. As explained above, the bosses of a spring-liner fabric are adapted to engage in apertures of the upper leaf of a pair of superposed spring leaves to hold the liner-fabric in place therebetween, and hence, the spring-liner fabric is formed preferably of relatively-heavy cotton strands or equivalent material, so as to provide stiff substantially-rigid bosses having a high resistance to deformation, wear and shearing.

Fig. l0 shows one application of the springliner fabric of this invention to a spring 25, the superposed leaves 26 of the spring being supported in vertically-spaced relation-ship by fabric pads 21 such as illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, these pads 2l being formed by cutting off from a continuous length of the embossed spring-liner fabric le, a substantiallysquare piece of material having a boss l5 at substantially its geometric center. For optimum performance, this square pad ii?, including its boss i6, is then impregnated with paraffin wax or an equivalent material, whereupon a die is brought down onto the boss to round-over its corners and upper edges in the manner indicated in Figs. 8 and 9, so that the boss will readily fit into a round aperture 28 adjacent the outer` end of a spring leaf, thereby to retain the pad in place. It will be understood, however, that these subsequent 0perations of impregnating the embossed pads and shaping the bosses thereof, are not subject-matters of the present invention.

The showing of Fig, 11

In the showing of Fig. l1 certain of the parts correspond to those previously described herein and such parts have reference characters applied thereto which correspond to those previously employed.

A modication of the construction of the web l5 hereinabove described, is shown in Fig. 11 and is substantially identical in all respects to the web i5 except for the configuration of the integrally-woven bosses thereof. The latter as indicated at 29, are woven so as to be more nearly "web "I farecliminated, 'with theA result thatf'the y *bosses-2 bmay beinadei to conform'more readily '-tothe'circular apertures of the leafsprings -Theshowz'ngiof Figs..12,.13 and 14 'Inasmu'ch as certain of the partsv shownin Figs. v..12,'13and..1i.now to be describedare similarto .parts .previouslydescribed certain of the l.parts v.shown therein have similar reference characters r'.applie'd thereto, plus-the subscript a.

TThe. spring-liner `web* 5a shown schematically in Figs. y12` and. 13y is a modification ofthe web shown inFigs. 1 through 6, and is substantially identical thereto in all respects except that some lofthe warps or ends 22a and 20a, respectively fof theA upper and lower plies of the fabric com- :prise-wire strands. More particularly, alternate @pairs of warps or endscomprise aplurality or setof wirestrands which consist, preferably, of brass or anequivalentmetal. :Asshowrrzinde- .tail in Fig. 14, each set .of vwire strands, hereinafter. referred toas wire.ends, comprises preferably six untW-sted bunched wires woven into .the fabric in substantially-parallel relationship. Figs. 12 and l3show especially well the characteristically novel weave of the fabric-wherein.' the -wirefends 32 of the lower ply IBa are woven into .thefabric across the full width thereof, whereas, vthe wire ends 33 ofthe upper ply Ila are included only in thosey portions of the fabric corresponding .to the sectionsB-B shown `in. .the pick `schedule of Fig. '7 that is to say, the wireendsor -warps 3| are not included in the-.section Aof :fthe fabric from which the bosses'are formed.

The inclusion of wire ends inthespring-liner `fabric in the manner hereinabove described,.has ,been found to increase the durability and stiifness 4.ofthe fabricLand-'what is more vimportant-.from ythe.. standpoint of itsuse as a spring-liner ma- `terial, to make the .fabric relativelyl'incompres- ..^sible. Thus, spring-liner Y pads cut ,from the spring-.liner web ia will retain their shapelover relatively-long periods of use.

.Although the spring-liners have been .de- .scribed and illustrated as comprising individual embossed pads adapted to be inserted between .superposed spring leaves, it is within-the pur- View of the invention to form a spring-liner as a .continuous length of woven webbing provided .with a pair of integrally-Wovenbossesarranged 4.at opposite ends .thereof respectively, so asto .engage in the .corresponding apertures. at opposite ends of a spring leaf; or in a broader sense, the ,spacing of the bosses longitudinally .of -.a Woven spring-liner fabric may vary, depending `,upon .the particular formin which the springliner fabric is to be made.

The invention may be carried voutin .other specific ways than Ithose herein set.for'th with- .out departing from the spirit andessential characteristics of the invention, and the present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive,` and .all changes coming .within the 'meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims. areintended to be embraced therein.

5 #woven fabric having 1a. woven boss v.woven `-in- -tegrally-'with,=andf=projecting upwardly from lone f face'ofsaid'ffabri glsaid'boss` comprising a 'plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel 'loops '=adacent `to cone another 1 and lprojecting 10 upward-ly from Isaid one I facev "of said fabric; and

5 said-loop"beingfspacedback a substantial 4distance "from thecafdjacent `eclgewifr the fabric; V'and the 4"warpportions'ofeach two adjacent base ends'of 4feachitwo yadjacer'itf'loopsi'being `Iwoven directlyto the same-pick, Awhich' said-pick' extends'sub'sta'n- 20- muy the width'of the fabric.

'12 *A A"spring-liner :for use mbetween the leaves ofaleaf"'springe-and comprising: a-plurality` of "warps Woven with "ai plurality of picks to form"l a "woven'fa-bric `having a'woven bosswoveninytegrallyirwith,- and'projecting upwardly from'- one face "of,A said nfabric: saidjbossr comprising a ``plu- `'rality Aof 'integrally `4woven, successive, parallel `vloops 'adjacent to `one another and 'projecting upwardly from said one face of" said fabric; `and -each said' woven' loop comprising a' plurality :of warpswoven with aplurality of picksto'form an''elongatedA loopwith'thepicksextending in the "direction of 'length lof the loop, -'and' each end 'of each saidiloop being'spaced backa substantial 3; "distance from 'the4 adjacent `edge of "fthe fabric;

:fandthe warp'portions'of each of the'twotbase -ends of each loop, being respectively 'woven directly'to afcorresponding one of two successive picks'which Vextend Asubstantially the width Aof the 4 n fabric.

4v3. Y'Aspring-'liner foruse"'between the leaves of "a leaf `Ispring, and .'comprising: a plurality 'of 'warps'woveniwith aplurality of picks toform a woven'fabric having a Woven boss woven `inte- 4: `grallywit'h, l'and Vprojecting'upwardly from one :o -ea-ch saidlwoven`V loop "comprising 'aplurality of lwar-ps lwovenwitha pluralityof' picks to forman elongated'loop'with thepicks extending in the direction'f'of ilength ofthe loop, andV each r end of each said loop `being vspaced -`back` av substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the'v fabric;

'andl the Warp-portions of --eachtwo adjacent4 base -vends'of-eachtvvoadjacent loops being woven di- "rec'tly to the same pickgwhichi said pick extends substantially 1 the '-width 'of the lfabric; and the (m lwarp'portions--of-*each of the two base-endslof eachfloopj being respectively-woven directly to a correspondingoneof twosuccessive picks which 'extend substantially thewidthof' the fabric.

' 4. lrHspring-liner for usebetween the leaves* of 'a5 a "leaf springfand comprising: -`a r'plurality of "'warps `wovenuvith afpluralityof picks to form a vvvvovenz'fabr'c embodying an upper ply: anda 'lower jply,"`an'd 'havinga `woven boss woven vintegrally 'withfandprojecting upwardly fromone face'of,

'7n 'saidfabricsaid boss comprisingaplurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adja- :cent 'z to 'one'v another land kprojecting vupwardly v"frorn'rsaid' one A"':face: of: saidv fabric; 'and each said woven L:loop comprising -a plurality Aof Vwarps woven loop comprising a gated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottom portion of said boss at a plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of the boss, to said lower ply.

5. A spring-liner for use between the leaves of a leaf spring, and comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower ply, and having a woven boss woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks Vto form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and the warp portions of each two adjacent base ends of each two adjacent loops being woven directly to the same pick, which said pick extends substantially the width of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottom portion of said boss at a plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of the boss, to said lower ply.

6. A spring-liner for use between the leaves of a leaf spring, and comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower :n

ply, and having a woven boss woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjau cent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said s loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and the warp portions of each of the two base ends of each loop, being respectively woven directly to a corresponding one of two successive picks which extend substantially the width of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottoni portion of said boss at a plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of the boss, to said lower ply.

7. A spring-liner for use between the leaves of a leaf spring, and comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower ply, and having a woven boss Woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and

. the warp portions of each two adjacent base ends of each two adjacent loops being woven directly to the same pick, which said pick extends substantially the width of the fabric; and the warp portions of each of the two base ends of each loop, being respectively woven directly to a corresponding one of two successive picks which extend substantially the width of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottom portion of said boss at a plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of the boss, to said lower ply.

8. A leaf spring having a plurality of superposed leaves, each of a plurality of which leaves has apertures; and a plurality of spring-liners each having a boss; each said spring-liner being located between two of said superposed leaves and with its boss extending into a said aperture; and each said spring-liner comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric having a woven boss woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric.

9. A leaf spring having a plurality of superposed leaves, each of a plurality of said leaves having apertures; and a plurality of spring-liners each having a boss; each said spring-liner being located between two superposed leaves and with its boss extending into a said aperture; and each said spring-liner comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric having a woven boss woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and the warp portions of each two adjacent base ends of each two adjacent loops being woven directly to the same pick, which said pick extends substantially the Width of the fabric.

10. A leaf spring having a plurality of superposed leaves, each of a plurality of said leaves having apertures; and a plurality of spring-liners each having a boss; each said spring-liner being located between two superposed leaves and with its boss extending into a said aperture; and each said spring-liner comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric having a woven boss woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and the warp portions of each of the two base ends of each loop, being respectively woven directly to 9'. a-'corresponding-Lonezof two'successive picksswhich extend.'substantiallygsthe.widthxof the fabric.

11.: Arleaf spring having. ,aL plurality of supere posed-leaves, each, ofA a; plurality of Vsaid leaves having apertures; anda plurality of spring-liners each having a boss; eachsaid springeliner being located between two superposed leaves. and with its boss=extending `into a said aperture; and each said spring-*liner comprising: a D luralityfof .warps woven with a. plurality of picks tofc-rrn awoven fabric having a woven boss woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loopsf'adja.- cent to one another and projecting upwardly from saidone-face of said fabric; and each said .wovenloop comprisingga -plurality of warps'woven with a'fplurality of picks to forman elongated loop with. the picks.- extending in the direction4 of length-of the loop, and eachend of eachsaid loop being spaced backy a substantial distance from'the adjacent edge of the fabric; andthe warp portions of each two adjacent base ends of' each two adjacent loops being lwoven directly to thesame pick, which said. pick extendsl substantially the width of thafabric; and the warp portions of eachiof thetwo base ends of each loon-.being respectively woven directly toa corresponding. one of two successivev picks which extendsubstantially the width of the fabric.

12. A leaf spring having a plurality ofsuperposed leaves, each ofa.` plurality of said leaves havingapertures; anda plurality of spring-liners each havinga boss; `each said `spring-'liner-being located' between two superposed leaves and -with itsboss extending into a said aperture; and each said spring-liner comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric :embodying an upperplyandalower ply, and havngawoven boss .woven integrally with, and projectingupwardly from one face of, said fabric;,said boss comprising a plurality cfintegrally woven, successiva, parallel loops .adjacent to one. another and. projecting upwardly from said'one faceof .said fabric; and each said woven loop'comprisinga plurality of warps woven with a plurality ofpicks `to forman elongated loop..with the picksV extending in the direction of length. of the loop, .and each end of each said loop. being" spaced backY a.v substantial 1 distance from the .adjacent `edge of thefabric; and :binder strands?. connecting the bottom" portion ofsaid boss; at a' plurality of locations. substantially inwardly `away from .the edges-fof the boss, to lsaid lower ply.

13. A leaf spring having a plurality of superposeduleaves, each of a4 plurality of said'leaves having-apertures; anda plurality .of springeliners each havingev boss each Said-spring-liner being located between two superposed leaves and with its boss extending into a said aperture; and each said spring-liner comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a Woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower ply, and having a woven boss woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance fromzthefA adjacent edges ofathe; fabric; and: the warp portions ofi, each'. two: adjacenty b'asei ends of each .two tadja'cent 'loops 'being wovenzdirectly to the same pick,v which said' pick extendsfsub. stantially the width ofthefabric; and; binder strands connecting 1 the bottom portieri of. said boss at a... plurality lof locations substantially inwardly away fromthe edges of the boss, to :said lower ply.

14. Aleaf .spring havingv a plurality of supere posedl leaves,. each ofzpa plurality'ofsaid.leaves having apertures; 'andzapluralityaof spring-liners each having a boss; .eachsaidrrspring-liner.being located between. two superposed leaves andiwith its boss extendinginto. a-saidaperture; and each said springm'liner comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality `offpicks to.`forrn'.a...woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower ply; and having a woven: boss 'woveniintegrally with, and projecting upwardly from one .face of', .said fabric; said `boss comprising a; plurality ofinte'-Y grally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to -one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; andxeacl'iv said :woven loop comprising a plurality of warpswoven with a plurality of picksto form-an elongatedloop with the picks extending. in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of eachsaid loop being spaced back-.asubstantial distance from the adjacent edge.` of lthe.v fabric; and the warp portions of each of theJtwoV baseends. of each loop, being respectively woven directlyl to a corresponding one oftwosuccessive picks which extend substantiallythewidth' of :the L-fabric; and binder strands connectingu the. bottom. portion of 'said boss at aV plurality of locations substari'-, tially inwardly away from the edge of the boss; to said lower ply.

15. A leaf Aspring having apluralityl.ofsuperposed leaves. each of' a plurality.' of` said: leaves having apertures; and a plurality of springelin'ers each having a boss; each said spring-linenbeing located between two lsuperposecl leaves .and with its boss extending into: asaid aperture; and each said springeli'nerfcomprising: a-.pl-uralityof lwarps woven with a=plurality ofpicksto forma woven fabric` embodying an upper ply and-lailowerlply, and -havingfa wovenboss woven integrally with,I and projecting .upwardlyffrom one face of, said fabric; said Tboss comprising'a plurality-off. integrally woven, successive,V parallel loops. adjacent to one another and.k projectingupwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven' loopv comprisingfa pluralityof warps woven vwith aplurality of picks -to forman elongatedllocp with .i the, picks. extending in. the direction'v ofI length ofthe loop; andeach endof eachrsaid loop beingcspaced'back a substantial'distance` from.: the adjacent edge; of theafabric.; and fth'e warp portions of each two adjacent base ends of each two adjacent loops being woven directly to the same pick, which said pick extends substantially the width of the fabric; and the warp portions of each of the two base ends of each loop, being respectively woven directly to a corresponding one of two successive picks which extend substantially the width of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottom portion of said boss at a plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of the boss, to said lower ply.

16. A. fabric for forming spring-liners for use between the leaves of a leaf spring, and comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower ply, and having a plurality of integral woven bosses spaced apart along, and woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; each said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottom portion of each said boss at a plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of each boss, to said lower ply.

17. A fabric for forming spring-liners for use between the leaves of a leaf spring, and comprising; a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower ply, and having a plurality of integral woven bosses spaced apart along, and

woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly f from one face of, said fabric; each said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and the warp portions of each two adjacent base ends of each two adjacent loops being woven directly to the same pick, which said pick extends substantially the width of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottom portion of each said boss at a plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of each boss, to said lower ply.

18. A fabric for forming spring-liners for use between the leaves of a leaf spring, and comprising: a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form a woven fabric embodying an upper ply and a lower ply, and having a plurality of integral woven bosses spaced apart along, and woven integrally with, and projecting upwardly from one face of, said fabric; each said boss comprising a plurality of integrally woven, successive, parallel loops adjacent to one another and projecting upwardly from said one face of said fabric; and each said woven loop comprising a plurality of warps woven with a plurality of picks to form an elongated loop with the picks extending in the direction of length of the loop, and each end of each said loop being spaced back a substantial distance from the adjacent edge of the fabric; and the warp portions of each of the two base ends of each loop, being respectively woven directly to a corresponding one of two successive picks which extend substantially the width of the fabric; and binder strands connecting the bottom portion of each said boss at a,

plurality of locations substantially inwardly away from the edges of each boss, to said lower ply.

19. A liner for use between the leaves of a leaf spring, said liner comprising: a two-ply fabric member of interwoven textile and metallic strands; and a fabric boss woven on one face of said fabric member, said fabric boss comprising a plurality of upstanding loops extending transversely of the warp strands of said fabric member, each of said loops being a single-ply woven fabric consisting of textile strands only interwoven with one ply of said woven-fabric member and in immediate juxtaposition to each other, the opposite ends of each fabric loop being equally spaced from the corresponding edges of said fabric member.

20. A fabric for forming spring-liners, said fabric comprising: a fabric web woven of textile and metallic strands and substantially equal in width to the width of a leaf spring, said web embodying an upper ply and a lower ply; and a plurality of bosses arranged in longitudinally spaced relationship on one face of said woven-fabric web, each boss comprising a plurality of juxtaposed woven loops extending transversely of the warp strands of said fabric web and interwoven with the upper ply thereof in immediate juxtaposition to each other, the opposite ends of each fabric loop of the web being substantially equally spaced from the corresponding edges of said fabric web.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 793,524 Hewett June 27, 1905 914,362 Palmer Mar. 2, 1909 1,487,508 Brown Mar. 18, 1924 1,566,940 White Dec. 22, 1925 1,666,686 Chisholm Apr. 17, 1928 2,126,042 Reinz Aug. 9, 1938 2,137,203 McCullough Nov. 15, 1938 2,190,053 Amyot Feb. 13, 1940 2,226,792 Walters Dec. 31, 1940 2,319,172 Watson May 11, 1943 2,424,771 Preneta July 29, 1947 2,511,500 Faris et al June 13, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 625,173 France Apr. 19, 1927 657,702 Germany Mar. 11, 1938 

